Patients with hallux valgus often present with a noticeable bump on the side of the foot at the base of the big toe. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and redness around the joint, especially after wearing tight shoes. Over time, the big toe may lean towards the second toe, sometimes overlapping it. This misalignment can lead to additional foot problems, such as calluses or corns.

The diagnosis of hallux valgus is primarily clinical, based on physical examination and patient history. A healthcare provider will assess the foot's appearance, check for pain, and evaluate the range of motion in the toe joint. X-rays are often used to determine the severity of the deformity and to plan treatment. These images help in assessing the angle between the first and second metatarsal bones and the degree of joint misalignment.

Treatment for hallux valgus depends on the severity of the condition and the level of discomfort experienced by the patient. Non-surgical options include wearing wider shoes, using orthotic devices, and applying pads to reduce pressure on the bunion. Pain relief can be achieved with anti-inflammatory medications. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to realign the toe and relieve pain. Several surgical techniques exist, and the choice depends on the specific characteristics of the deformity.

The prognosis for hallux valgus varies. With appropriate management, many patients experience relief from symptoms and can maintain an active lifestyle. However, if left untreated, the condition may progress, leading to increased pain and difficulty in walking. Surgical outcomes are generally positive, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in pain and foot function.

The exact cause of hallux valgus is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A family history of bunions increases the likelihood of developing the condition. Other contributing factors include wearing tight or high-heeled shoes, foot injuries, and certain medical conditions like arthritis.

Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity, affecting approximately 23% of adults aged 18-65 and over 35% of those over 65. It is more prevalent in women than men, likely due to footwear choices. The condition can occur at any age but is most commonly seen in adults.

The pathophysiology of hallux valgus involves a complex interplay of biomechanical and structural changes in the foot. The condition begins with a misalignment of the metatarsophalangeal joint, leading to an imbalance in the forces acting on the foot. Over time, this results in the lateral deviation of the big toe and the formation of a bony prominence.

Preventing hallux valgus involves adopting foot-friendly habits. Wearing properly fitting shoes with a wide toe box can reduce pressure on the toes. Avoiding high heels and shoes with pointed toes can also help. Maintaining a healthy weight and performing foot exercises to strengthen the muscles around the joint may further reduce the risk.

Hallux valgus, or bunion, is a common foot deformity characterized by a misaligned big toe and a bony bump on the foot. It can cause pain and difficulty in wearing shoes. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by X-rays. Treatment ranges from conservative measures to surgical intervention, depending on severity. The condition is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, with a higher prevalence in women.

If you suspect you have hallux valgus, look for symptoms such as a noticeable bump on the side of your foot, pain, and swelling around the big toe joint. Wearing comfortable shoes and using pads or orthotics can help alleviate symptoms. If pain persists, consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and to discuss potential treatment options, including surgery if necessary.

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