Infants with IHPS often present with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and can occur shortly after feeding. The vomit is typically non-bilious, meaning it does not contain bile, as the obstruction is before the bile duct entry into the intestine. Other symptoms include persistent hunger, dehydration, weight loss, and visible peristalsis (wave-like movements of the stomach). A palpable olive-like mass in the abdomen may also be felt, which is the enlarged pylorus.

The diagnosis of IHPS is primarily clinical, supported by imaging studies. An abdominal ultrasound is the preferred method, as it can visualize the thickened pylorus and measure its dimensions. Blood tests may reveal electrolyte imbalances due to vomiting, such as low chloride and potassium levels, and metabolic alkalosis, a condition where the blood becomes too alkaline.

The definitive treatment for IHPS is surgical intervention, specifically a procedure called pyloromyotomy. This surgery involves splitting the muscle of the pylorus to relieve the obstruction. It is typically performed laparoscopically, which is minimally invasive. Preoperative management includes correcting dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

The prognosis for infants with IHPS is excellent following surgical treatment. Most infants recover quickly and can resume normal feeding within a few days. Long-term complications are rare, and the condition does not usually recur.

The exact cause of IHPS is not well understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is a higher incidence in males, particularly first-born males, and a familial tendency has been observed, suggesting a genetic component.

IHPS occurs in approximately 2 to 4 per 1,000 live births. It is more common in Caucasian populations and less common in African and Asian populations. The condition is more prevalent in males, with a male-to-female ratio of about 4:1.

The pathophysiology of IHPS involves hypertrophy (thickening) and hyperplasia (increased number of cells) of the pyloric muscle. This leads to narrowing of the pyloric channel, causing gastric outlet obstruction. The exact mechanisms triggering these changes are not fully understood but may involve genetic predispositions and environmental influences.

There are no specific measures to prevent IHPS, as the exact causes are not fully understood. Awareness of the condition and early recognition of symptoms can lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment, minimizing complications.

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis is a condition characterized by the thickening of the pylorus, leading to gastric outlet obstruction in infants. It presents with projectile vomiting and requires surgical treatment. The prognosis is excellent with appropriate intervention. While the exact cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role.

If your infant is experiencing frequent projectile vomiting, persistent hunger, and weight loss, it may be due to a condition called Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis. This condition involves a thickening of the muscle at the stomach's exit, causing a blockage. Diagnosis is typically confirmed with an ultrasound, and treatment involves a minor surgical procedure to relieve the obstruction. With treatment, most infants recover quickly and have no long-term issues.