Presentation
Furthermore, we review the current research surrounding BACM, overview the clinical presentation to healthcare professionals, and present an interesting case of a child presenting for the second time with BACM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] patients presented with the symptom (p 2 ). [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]
Entire Body System
- Inflammation
Given the presence of mucosal inflammation extending into the vocalis muscle of the larynx without associated significant narrowing of the laryngotracheal airway lumen, we propose his death was a result of a laryngospasm, perhaps mediated by immune responses [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Laryngotracheitis (inflammation of larynx and trachea) 2. Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP; fever, barking cough, laryngeal obstruction, and inspiratory stridor) 3. [quizlet.com]
[…] infections caused by HPIVs include infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as croup (an infection of the airway below the larynx, or "voice box," that is characterized by a barky cough and harsh, noisy breathing), pneumonia, or bronchiolitis (an inflammation [chop.edu]
- Pain
Presentation is typically with acute onset calf pain and tenderness and refusal to walk or altered gait during the convalescent period of an influenza A or B infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Almost all children will have throat pain, ranging from mild to severe, after surgery. Some may experience pain in the ears, jaw, and neck. Your child's doctor will prescribe or recommend medication to ease the pain. [webmd.com]
Other symptoms of HPIV illness may include— sore throat, sneezing, wheezing, ear pain, irritability, and decreased appetite. If your symptoms are severe or do not improve, you should seek medical attention. [cdc.gov]
Patients present with ear pain and pressure, often accompanied by an upper respiratory tract infection. In infants, the ear pain may manifest as ear pulling. Patients may also complain of decreased hearing and fever. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]
- Asymptomatic
He remained relatively asymptomatic during the course of cytopenia, but presented with complete loss of voice and severe laryngitis a few days after engraftment, which is not usual for adult PIV infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Thus, in immunocompetent adults, most infections are asymptomatic or mild. The most common illness in children is an upper respiratory illness with no or low-grade fever. [msdmanuals.com]
CDC Clinical Features Primary infections and re-infections occur but most infections are asymptomatic, especially in older children and adults. The incubation period is 2 to 6 days. [microbiologybook.org]
However, infections have been induced in other animals (both under natural and experimental situations), although these were always asymptomatic.[13] Clinical significance[edit] It is estimated that there are 5 million children with lower respiratory [en.wikipedia.org]
- Swelling
While symptoms may vary child-to-child, the most common include: runny nose redness or swelling of the eyes barky cough noisy, harsh breathing hoarse voice or cry rattling felt over the chest or back wheezing fever irritability decreased appetite vomiting [childrenshospital.org]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Mumps usually involves pain, tenderness and swelling in one or both parotid salivary glands (cheek and jaw area).” 2 In other words, the most common clinical manifestation of mumps is swelling of the [articles.mercola.com]
HPIV-3 An HPIV-3 infection is mostly associated with pneumonia and bronchiolitis, which is swelling from inflammation in the smallest airways in the lungs. [healthline.com]
Overwhelmed by bacteria or viruses, they swell and become inflamed, a condition known as tonsillitis. Tonsillitis is common, especially in children. The condition can occur occasionally or recur frequently. [webmd.com]
Respiratoric
- Pneumonia
Furthermore, her hoarseness suggested the possibility of C. pneumoniae, but her C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin-M titer was negative. Because C. pneumoniae was ruled out, her hoarseness suggested a respiratory viral cause. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Cough
Different from classic pertussis in children, pertussis in adults presents with prolonged dry cough, that is, the "100-day cough." In pertussis, the characteristic nonspecific laboratory findings are leukocytosis and relative lymphocytosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] to begin with, such as a temperature, runny nose and cough. [nhs.uk]
- Sore Throat
HPIVs can cause repeated infections throughout life, mostly causing mild disease, such as the common cold and croup, with symptoms including malaise, fever, cough, and such sore throats. [gov.uk]
These infections are usually manifested by an upper respiratory tract illness (such as a cold or sore throat ). [medicinenet.com]
Other symptoms of HPIV illness may include— sore throat, sneezing, wheezing, ear pain, irritability, and decreased appetite. If your symptoms are severe or do not improve, you should seek medical attention. [cdc.gov]
- Pharyngitis
They were diagnosed on virus culture from pharyngeal swabs. We prevented the spread of the virus using standard infection control procedures and isolation of the symptomatic infants. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Parainfluenza viruses are associated with a wide spectrum of illnesses which include otitis media, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, croup, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia. [thieme-connect.com]
Signs that are present consist of rhinitis, coarse breath sounds, erythema of the pharyngeal mucous membranes, and rhonchi. [virus.stanford.edu]
CDC ADENOVIRUS- CLINICAL SYNDROMES Clinical Syndrome Features Serotypes commonly Involved Serotypes rarely Involved URI Coryza, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, fever 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 4, 6, 11, 18, 21, 29, 30 Pharyngo-conjunctival fever Fever, conjunctivits, pharyngitis [microbiologybook.org]
Upper and Lower respiratory tract infection major manifestation Other infections: HPIVs routinely cause otitis media, Pharyngitis, and conjunctivitis coryza, and these can occur singly or in combination with a lower respiratory tract infection. [slideshare.net]
- Respiratory Distress
Uncommon respiratory manifestations include apnea, bradycardia, parotitis, and respiratory distress syndrome and rarely disseminated infection. [thieme-connect.com]
The symptoms of this include cough, fever, and respiratory distress. A serious cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by type 2 is the induction of synctia. SPEED Parainfluenza viruses multiply slowly. [virus.stanford.edu]
In the event of respiratory distress, oral steroids or a shot of epinephrine may be prescribed. Secondary pneumonia is typically be treated with antibiotics. [verywell.com]
that is subdivided into HPIV-4A and HPIV-4B, is not very common, but can cause respiratory distress A healthcare provider might evaluate the symptoms presented, check for viral particles in a nasal swab, request a chest x-ray, and may employ other diagnostic [dovemed.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Diarrhea
In this study, five PIV5 strains were isolated from diarrhea-affected piglets from four provinces or municipalities in China. [jstage.jst.go.jp]
[…] symptoms may vary child-to-child, the most common include: runny nose redness or swelling of the eyes barky cough noisy, harsh breathing hoarse voice or cry rattling felt over the chest or back wheezing fever irritability decreased appetite vomiting diarrhea [childrenshospital.org]
Symptoms may include: Runny nose Redness or swelling of the eyes Barky (seal-like) cough Noisy, harsh breathing Hoarse voice when speaking or crying Rattling felt over the chest or back when breathing Wheezing Fever Irritability Decreased appetite Vomiting Diarrhea [chop.edu]
Cardiovascular
- Chest Pain
In general, symptoms may include: Sore throat Fever Runny or stuffy nose Chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing Cough or croup There is no specific treatment for the viral infection. [medlineplus.gov]
Common Parainfluenza Symptoms After exposure, it takes between two to seven day for symptoms to develop, the most common of which include: Sore throat Cough Sneezing Fever Shortness of breath Wheezing Congestion Ear pain Chest pain Lack of appetite In [verywell.com]
They include: fever cough runny nose stuffy nose chest pain sore throat shortness of breath wheezing difficulty breathing Most often, the symptoms of HPIVs aren’t severe enough to cause concern in healthy adults. [healthline.com]
Musculoskeletal
- Myalgia
We describe the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with an ILI with dry cough, fever, myalgias, and shortness of breath. His rapid influenza A test result was negative, and specimens for RT-PCR for H1N1 were ordered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Patients with high fever (≥38°C), chills, dizziness, headache, myalgia or debilitation were categorized as having systemic influenza-like symptoms. [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]
In addition, systemic symptoms such as myalgias and arthralgias were not seen in these patients, unlike patients with cytomegalovirus. No cases of asymptomatic shedding were identified. [nejm.org]
Eyes
- Eye Pain
Patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma classically present with severe eye pain, blurry vision, photophobia, and a dilated pupil. The intraocular pressure in this case would be elevated. [roshreview.com]
Treatment
Treatment of A549 cells with α2,3 linkage-specific sialyltransferase increased infectivities of both hPIV1 and hPIV3, whereas α2,6 linkage-specific sialyltransferase treatment increased only hPIV3 infectivity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment: Most infections in adults and older children are mild and recovery takes place without treatment, unless the person is very old or has an abnormal immune system. [en.vircell.com]
Prevention and Treatment Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent HPIV infection. However, researchers are trying to develop vaccines. Also, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HPIV illness. [cdc.gov]
Prognosis
The prognosis was originally reported as grave; however, a mild form of the disease has recently been described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Akt/PKB activation in gastric carcinomas correlates with clinicopathologic variables and prognosis; Nam SY, Lee HS, Jung GA, Choi J, Cho SJ, Kim MK, Kim WH, Lee BL; APMIS. 2003 Dec;111(12):1105-13. [ncf-net.org]
Etiology
While not all hemorrhagic pneumonias are caused by very contagious agents, the etiology must be correctly determined in order to administer appropriate patient care. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Viral etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children in Nairobi, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988 ;39:632-40. [ Links ] 20. Lina B., Valette M., Foray S., et al. [scielo.br]
Bacterial etiologies of some of the common upper respiratory tract infections may be primary or superinfections of the original viral processes and are amenable to treatment ( Table 75–1 ). [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]
Epidemiology
Epidemiological Features HPIVs are spread from respiratory secretions through close contact with infected persons or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. [gov.uk]
The epidemiologic relatedness of hPIV-3 strains was investigated by sequencing of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion protein genes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 55 (23), 175. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/223088 Revista Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 55 (23): 175 [apps.who.int]
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the study population and of children infected by HPIV are showed in the Table 1. [scielo.br]
Prevention
This work demonstrates the promise of mNGS for providing rapid information for infection prevention in addition to microbial detection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
In outbreak and cluster settings, to prevent onward transmission, strict attention to infection control measures such as hand washing and wearing protective equipments should decrease or prevent spread of infection. [gov.uk]
Prevention and Treatment Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent HPIV infection. However, researchers are trying to develop vaccines. Also, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HPIV illness. [cdc.gov]