Patients with photokeratitis typically present with symptoms a few hours after UV exposure. Common symptoms include:

• Eye pain or discomfort
• Redness of the eyes
• Tearing or watery eyes
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• A sensation of having sand or grit in the eyes

These symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the intensity and duration of UV exposure.

Diagnosing photokeratitis primarily involves a clinical evaluation. A detailed history of recent activities, especially those involving potential UV exposure, is crucial. An eye examination using a slit lamp may reveal superficial punctate keratitis, which are small, dot-like abrasions on the cornea. Fluorescein dye can be used to highlight these abrasions under blue light.

Treatment for photokeratitis focuses on relieving symptoms and protecting the eyes during the healing process. Recommended measures include:

• Resting the eyes by staying indoors and avoiding bright lights
• Using artificial tears to lubricate the eyes
• Applying cold compresses to reduce discomfort
• Wearing sunglasses to minimize light sensitivity

In some cases, a doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection or pain-relieving eye drops. The condition usually resolves within 24 to 48 hours.

The prognosis for photokeratitis is generally excellent. Most patients experience complete recovery without any long-term effects. However, repeated exposure to UV light without protection can increase the risk of developing more serious eye conditions, such as cataracts or macular degeneration, over time.

Photokeratitis is caused by overexposure to UV radiation, which can come from:

• Direct sunlight, especially when reflected off surfaces like snow, water, or sand
• Artificial sources such as welding arcs, tanning beds, or UV lamps

The cornea absorbs UV rays, leading to damage and inflammation.

Photokeratitis is more common in environments with high UV exposure, such as snowy regions (often called "snow blindness") or areas with intense sunlight. Outdoor workers, skiers, snowboarders, and welders are at higher risk. The condition can affect individuals of all ages and ethnicities.

The pathophysiology of photokeratitis involves the absorption of UV radiation by the corneal epithelium, leading to cellular damage and inflammation. This results in the symptoms of pain, redness, and tearing. The cornea's natural repair mechanisms usually heal the damage within a short period.

Preventing photokeratitis involves protecting the eyes from UV exposure. Effective measures include:

• Wearing sunglasses with 100% UV protection
• Using wide-brimmed hats to shield the eyes from direct sunlight
• Wearing protective goggles when engaging in activities like welding or using tanning beds
• Being cautious in environments with high UV reflection, such as snowy or sandy areas

Photokeratitis is a temporary but painful condition caused by UV exposure to the eyes. It presents with symptoms like eye pain, redness, and light sensitivity. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, and treatment focuses on symptom relief. The prognosis is excellent with proper care, and prevention is key to avoiding future episodes.

If you experience symptoms such as eye pain, redness, or sensitivity to light after being in the sun or using UV-emitting devices, you may have photokeratitis. This condition is like a sunburn on your eyes and usually heals within a couple of days. To prevent it, wear sunglasses that block UV rays and use protective eyewear during activities that expose you to intense light.