Presentation
People with Schizotypal Personality Disorder have a reduced capacity for closeness with others which is present from an early age. They often have distorted or eccentric thinking, perceptions, and behaviours that can make them appear odd. [bpdworld.org]
Abstract Objectives In this article, we present the evolution in the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 for schizotypal personality disorder, which is included both in personality disorders and in the new schizophrenia spectrum. [em-consulte.com]
If the term is used, three or four of the typical features listed above should have been present, continuously or episodically, for at least 2 years. The individual must never have met criteria for schizophrenia itself. [en.wikipedia.org]
Other disorders are often also present. [msdmanuals.com]
Psychiatrical
- Fear
[…] perceptions including bodily illusions Odd speech and thinking Suspiciousness or paranoia Affect that is inappropriate or constricted Few close friends or confidants, other than relatives Social anxiety which does not improve with familiarity; paranoid fears [bpdworld.org]
Incongruous or limited affect Odd, eccentric, or peculiar behavior and/or appearance Lack of close friends or confidants, except for 1st-degree relatives Excessive social anxiety that does not lessen with familiarity and is related mainly to paranoid fears [msdmanuals.com]
[…] limited expression of emotion Odd, eccentric, or peculiar behavior and/or appearance Lack of close friends or confidants, except first-degree relatives Excessive social anxiety that does not lessen with familiarity and is related mainly to paranoid fears [merckmanuals.com]
- Delusion
[…] is to differentiate schizotypal personality disorder from Major thought disorders: These disorders (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depressive disorder with psychotic features) typically have more severe manifestations and are accompanied by delusions [msdmanuals.com]
[…] challenge is to differentiate schizotypal personality disorder from Major thought disorders: These disorders (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar or depressive disorder with psychotic features) typically have more severe manifestations and are accompanied by delusions [merckmanuals.com]
Hallucinations and delusions as points on continua function. Rating scale evidence. [frontiersin.org]
[…] closer to the psychoanalytical model in the new conception proposed for personality disorders, they are in some respects surprisingly distant: the paranoia disorder has disappeared and only certain of its indicators are maintained (such as persecutory delusion [em-consulte.com]
Vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, over-elaborate or stereotyped thinking, manifested by odd speech or in other ways, without gross incoherence; Occasional transient quasi-psychotic episodes with intense illusions, auditory or other hallucinations and delusion-like [en.wikipedia.org]
- Perceptual Distortion
It is currently characterized as involving marked interpersonal deficits, cognitive and perceptual distortions, and odd and eccentric behaviors. [oxfordhandbooks.com]
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5]) For a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder, patients must have A persistent pattern of intense discomfort with and decreased capacity for close relationships Cognitive or perceptual [msdmanuals.com]
As a rule, they underestimate maladaptiveness of their social isolation and perceptual distortions. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
Differential diagnosis also includes the following: Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder: Schizotypal personality disorder can be distinguished from paranoid and schizoid personality disorders because patients with these disorders [msdmanuals.com]
[…] the schizotypal and schizoid personalities. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Anhedonia
Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy. Schizophr Bull (2011) 37 :587–602. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp107 Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text 202. [frontiersin.org]
Treatment
Treatment Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include: Counseling Counseling is often beneficial for people with schizotypal personality disorder. [winchesterhospital.org]
A randomized clinical trial of integrated treatment and standard treatment. Schizophr. Res. 2006; 83 :29–40. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.01.002. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] 69. Karterud S, et al. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment includes antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. [msdmanuals.com]
Etiology
SPD’s etiological relation with schizophrenia is supported by extensive genetic, neurobiological, neurocognitive, psychosocial, and clinical research. [oxfordhandbooks.com]
Etiology of schizotypal personality disorder is thought to be primarily biologic because it shares many of the brain-based abnormalities characteristic of schizophrenia. [msdmanuals.com]
First, the documentation of such a continuum provides important clues regarding the etiology of schizophrenia ( 5, 15 ). Continuously distributed (and reliably measured) phenotypes are suggested to be the result of multiple etiological factors. [frontiersin.org]
"Schizophrenia: Etiology and Course". Annual Review of Psychology. Annual Reviews. 55 (1): 401–430. doi : 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141950. ISSN 0066-4308. PMID 14744221. ^ Raine, A. (2006). [en.wikipedia.org]
Epidemiology
"Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Results From the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions". [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Prim. Care. Companion J. Clin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
Prevention There are no current guidelines to prevent schizotypal personality disorder because the cause is unknown. [winchesterhospital.org]
They may think that they have magical control over others, thinking that they cause other people to do ordinary things (eg, feeding the dog), or that performing magical rituals can prevent harm (eg, washing their hands 3 times can prevent illness). [msdmanuals.com]
For example, they may think that they cause other people to do ordinary things (such as feed the dog) or that they can perform magical rituals to prevent harm (such as washing their hands 3 times to prevent illness). [merckmanuals.com]